Influenza and War :: Journalism Media Studies Health Medical Essays

Influenza and War This week, flu and the war continue to affect Manchester, causing whitethornhem as swell as celebration within the county. Manchester residents, from toddlers to elders, bravely face the influenza epidemic onslaught and stand triumphant with minimal fatality. Unfortunately, the influenza epidemic did impact Manchesters social, economic and force life but without detrimental results.... Influenza, the IllnessAfter careful observation by medical specialists around the country, it is established that the present form of influenza is no different from any other form of influenza in English history. Influenza in the epidemic form has visited England previously in 1709, 1732 as well as in 1890.1The cause of the influenza epidemic was discovered in the 1890 epidemic as the micro- beingness named Bacillus influenzae and the culprit was first identified and cultivated during that epidemic. Although this organism is found in severe attacks of influenza, its presence ma y not be located in all cases of influenza, according to The Manchester Guardian Medical Correspondent.2On Monday, July 1, many officials and citizens also suggest that the illness is caused by abnormal atmospheric and climatic or meteorological conditions.3 However, with a few days of observation and with the attain of hindsight, the theory is discarded. Influenza failed to abate even after this weeks consistent good weather.4Medical officials agree that one of the characteristic features of the influenza is its air-born infectivity. One case to-day may mean a hundred to-morrow and thousands within a week, according to the chief medical officer of the Local Government Board. To protect oneself against the infectious illness that faeces spread without direct contact with the sick, it is recommended that people situate themselves in well-ventilated rooms. However, once you have contracted the disease, you are to quarantine yourself in an isolated home.5 Other symptoms of infl uenza include extreme exhaustion, aching limbs, headaches and sometimes, inflammation of nasal mucous membranes.6The most common preventatives and curatives sold at the chemists are quinine, cinnamon, and eucalyptus, with quinine being a deary prescription by doctors.7 However, other medicines are also used against the influenza epidemic. The author of Influenza Its Cause and Treatment is noted for stating that Formamint Tablets are the best address of infection prevention. Therefore, every influenza patient should suck four or five of these tablets a day until convalescent.8 Thompsons Pure Phenol has also stray out an advertisement claiming that its product can act as a cure and preventative of influenza.

Mental Illness Essay -- Psychology Mentally Sick Essays

Mental IllnessMental complaint is an issue that hits extremely close to home. Both of my uncles on my fathers side developed schizophrenia in their 20s. One of them, upon being diagnosed, committed suicide. This happened before I was born, but the fall-out is still visible in my family. The early(a) now lives in a home for those with mental sickness. He is on medication, which helps with many of the symptoms, and has been an important pillar in my life. T here(predicate) is a fair run into that either my brother or I may contract schizophrenia, and for these reasons, mental illness depart al meanss be a large part of my life. I say this, not to arouse pity, but simply to make a point that no matter where you stand on mental illness, chances are that you or nearone close to you lead endure some type of mental illness. We are all responsible to aid those who are in need of it, and the way we respond to the call will define us as human beings.DefinitionA concise definition or ide a of mental illness is fairly difficultly obtainable. Mental illness covers an extremely wide range of cases, symptoms and patients, which makes a cumulative definition hard without leaving out many main areas. A definition of mental illness is further impeded by taking into account the personal subjective ness of a mental illness (eg some may view homosexuality as a mental illness). One of the more inclusive definitions describes mental illness as A pathological press out of mind producing clinically significant psychological or physiological symptoms (distress) together with impairment in one or more major areas of functioning (disability) wherein value can reasonably be anticipated with therapy. In addition, for the purpose of definition only, mental illness includes alcoholism, and drug abuse and other controlled substance (drug) abuse. The IndividualThe to a higher place definition misses much of the individual experiences of mental illness. Mental illnesses will disrupt a p ersons feelings and emotions, the way they think and view their surrounds, and their moods. Mental illnesses will also affect a persons ability to communicate and relate to others. Although symptoms and diagnosis of mental illnesses are fairly well known and class into separate afflictions, the causes are less understood. In many ways the cause of mental illness boils down to a debate of nurture vs. nature whether... ...d that is the saddest situation of all. Ideally, our society should be there to help those with mental illnesses. We should treat these people with the same respect and dignity that we would treat any other person. The article makes a point of telling us that we should start to see these people the same way we would see someone with a different physical affliction, like a broken leg, or measles. We should help these people when they need it, but let them help themselves, and maintain a sense of independence. We would let them know that we are here to help, but not overstep our boundaries. We would breakdown stereotypes and stigmas that tell us that mental illness is a danger, or is something to be ashamed of.ClosingMental illness is not something that is going to magically disappear. It has been with us for centuries, and we must learn to embrace is as another part of human society. Until we can do so, our society will be drastically flawed. The world we live in is home to people that come from all different situations and circumstances. If we are unable to treat people with rudimentary respect and accept them for who they are, then I ask you who is really crazy?

The Impact of Destruction Essay -- Japanese Internment Camps, Pearl H

Some tremendous features in the history of mankind have been when unrivaled group of people were forcibly relocated to satisfy the needs of a more powerful one. This would encompass the Japanese internment camps in America during the man War II. The Japanese internment camps were overcrowded and provided poor living conditions. Likewise, every person had a unique story to this event, A true story, involving an extraordinary episode in American history (Houston x). In the novel Farewell to Manzanar by Jeanne Wakatsuki Houston and James D. Houston, is a traumatizing story Jeanne experienced and wrote down, to be remembered in the future of a historic context. Manzanar represented different areas of Ko Wakatsuki (Papa) and Jeanne Wakatsukis unique personalities to bring about both decease and growth, and simultaneously offer influence in each others characters. The impact of destruction affected the Wakatsuki familys perspective of life and Manzanar itself, because Papa was separated from the Wakatsuki family, arrived home as a changed man, and tore his family members apart. Papa has lived his life with achievement, until the day he was separated from his family afterward the attack on Pearl Harbor. Papa was falsely charged by the FBI men and was sent to Fort Lincoln with suspicions of supplying oil to Japanese submarines offshore. Because of Papas destruction, he burned all remaining items such as documents, papers and the Japanese flag that reminded him of the attack. The narrator describes Papa as a dark, bitter, brooding presence (Houston 65). earlier to the internment, Papas self-esteem was not destroyed. Papa was very enthusiastic and proud for his dignity and attitude. He was seventeen years grey-headed when he move... ... would get us foregone the heat, and the rattlers, and a great deal more (Houston 202). With confidence, Jeanne took a last look, left Manzanar behind forever, and continued her precious life. Living in the internment camp easy ended the closeness of the Wakatsuki family mainly Jeannes since she was a seven year old girl, who now is an adult. The internment camp and Papas capture destroyed the unique personalities of Papa and Jeanne. end-to-end Farewell to Manzanar, Papas identity diminished with his family and it was hard for him to live with happiness. Jeanne made a final decision to start a bare-assed beginning of her life, after she had visited the old camp with her new family. It was to convince herself that there is a life outside of the camp that Papa created for the Wakatsuki family and that she had to eventually leave her past and begin a new stable life.

Sexism, Prejudice, and Racism in Lees To Kill A Mockingbird Essay

Throughout the book To Kill A Mockingbird Lee discusses the effects of ignorance and the toll it takes on people such as Tom Robinson, Boo Radley, Scout herself, and many more. Through her examples of sexism, prejudice, and racism, from the populist of poverty stricken Southerners, she shows the readers the injustice of many. The victims of ignorance atomic number 18 the mockingbirds of the story. A good example of this injustice is the trial of Tom Robinson, who is falsely accused of raping a white girl and is found guilty. The book is from the point of visualize Scout, a child, who has an advantage over most kids due to her having a lawyer as a dad, to see the other side of the story. Her father tells her in the story, you never really know a man until you stand in his shoes and walk around in them. (Lee 200). The most apparent theme of discrimination in To Kill A Mockingbird is racism, however there is more than just that. Other types of discrimination exist in To Kill A Mocki ngbird such as prejudice towards women, sexism. For example, Scout says, Aunt Alexandra was fanatical on the subject of my attire. I could not possibly hope to be a lady if I wore breeches when I said I could do nothing in a dress, she said I wasnt supposed to be doing anything that required pants (Lee 59).This leave-taking of the book shows the views of how a woman should be and the importance of the female voice. The Pulitzer prize winning novel, published in 1960, To Kill A Mockingbird is written done the eyes of a young girl and follows her through the experience of childhood growing up in the racist, prejudice, and sexist south during the great depression. This serves as a platform for the guidance of her father, who she looks up too, to combat the judgment of oth... ...14 Jan. 2014.Document URLhttp//go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA149353018&v=2.1&u=avlr&it=r&p=LitRG&sw=w&asid=419f38ec5c9b18412ef244089f43a576Flynt, Wayne. The constant legacy of To Kill a Mockingbird uni versal values a half century after its first publication, Harper Lees only novel continues to do character and touch lives the world over. Alabama Heritage 97 (2010) 6+. Literature Resources from Gale. Web. 14 Jan. 2014.Document URLhttp//go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA233291611&v=2.1&u=avlr&it=r&p=LitRG&sw=w&asid=3ffaf2f71f7f67751e3729418514353aMetress, Christopher. To Kill a Mockingbird Threatening Boundaries. The Mississippi Quarterly 48.2 (1995) 397+. Literature Resources from Gale. Web. 14 Jan. 2014.Document URLhttp//go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA17534671&v=2.1&u=avlr&it=r&p=LitRG&sw=w&asid=a34c43e478e4bcd8fc6f50ed438b281d

effects of television on children :: essays research papers

THE FOLLOWING DESCRIBES THE TERMS ON WHICH EBAY OFFERS YOU devil TO OUR SERVICES. Welcome to eBay Inc.s drug mathematical functionr Agreement. This Agreement describes the cost and conditions applicable to your use of our go at http//www.ebay.com and our worldwide principles of our International affiliates. If you have any questions, please refer to our User Agreement Frequently Asked Questions at (http//pages.ebay.com/help/basics/f-agreement.html) or our User Agreement revise Frequently Asked Questions at (http//pages.ebay.com/help/basics/uarevision1-faq.html).We may correct this Agreement at any age by posting the revise terms on our site. Except as stated below, each(prenominal) amended terms shall automatically be effective 30 days after we initially post them on our site. This Agreement may not be otherwise amended except in writing signed by you and eBay Inc. This agreement is effective on bump into 21st, 2001 for new registering users, and is otherwise effective on May 15th, 2001 for all users registered prior to March 21st, 2001. 1. Membership Eligibility.Our services are uncommitted only to individuals who can make believe legally binding contracts under applicable law. Without limiting the foregoing, our services are not available to minors or to temporarily or indefinitely suspend eBay members. If you do not qualify, please do not use our services. Further, your eBay account (including feedback) and User Id may not be transferred or sold to another party.2. Fees and Services. join and bidding on items at eBay is freehanded. Our Fees and Credits Policy is available (at http//pages.ebay.com/help/sellerguide/selling-fees.html) and is incorporated by reference. We may change our Fees and Credits Policy and the fees for our services from time to time. Our changes to the policy are effective after we provide you with at least fourteen (14) days notice of the changes by posting the changes on the announcements board. However, we may choose to temporarily change our Fees and Credits Policy and the fees for our services for promotional events (for example, free listing days) and such changes are effective when we post the temporary promotional event on the announcements board. When you list an item you have an opportunity to review and behave the fees that you will be charged for the use of our listing services. We may in our sole courtesy change some or all of our services at any time. In the event we introduce a new service, the fees for that service are effective at the launch of the service. Unless otherwise stated, all fees are quoted in U.effects of television on children essays research papers THE FOLLOWING DESCRIBES THE TERMS ON WHICH EBAY OFFERS YOU ACCESS TO OUR SERVICES. Welcome to eBay Inc.s User Agreement. This Agreement describes the terms and conditions applicable to your use of our services at http//www.ebay.com and our general principles of our International affiliates. If you have any questions, p lease refer to our User Agreement Frequently Asked Questions at (http//pages.ebay.com/help/basics/f-agreement.html) or our User Agreement Revision Frequently Asked Questions at (http//pages.ebay.com/help/basics/uarevision1-faq.html).We may amend this Agreement at any time by posting the amended terms on our site. Except as stated below, all amended terms shall automatically be effective 30 days after we initially post them on our site. This Agreement may not be otherwise amended except in writing signed by you and eBay Inc. This agreement is effective on March 21st, 2001 for new registering users, and is otherwise effective on May 15th, 2001 for all users registered prior to March 21st, 2001. 1. Membership Eligibility.Our services are available only to individuals who can form legally binding contracts under applicable law. Without limiting the foregoing, our services are not available to minors or to temporarily or indefinitely suspended eBay members. If you do not qualify, please do not use our services. Further, your eBay account (including feedback) and User Id may not be transferred or sold to another party.2. Fees and Services.Joining and bidding on items at eBay is free. Our Fees and Credits Policy is available (at http//pages.ebay.com/help/sellerguide/selling-fees.html) and is incorporated by reference. We may change our Fees and Credits Policy and the fees for our services from time to time. Our changes to the policy are effective after we provide you with at least fourteen (14) days notice of the changes by posting the changes on the announcements board. However, we may choose to temporarily change our Fees and Credits Policy and the fees for our services for promotional events (for example, free listing days) and such changes are effective when we post the temporary promotional event on the announcements board. When you list an item you have an opportunity to review and accept the fees that you will be charged for the use of our listing services. We may in our sole discretion change some or all of our services at any time. In the event we introduce a new service, the fees for that service are effective at the launch of the service. Unless otherwise stated, all fees are quoted in U.

effects of television on children :: essays research papers

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This agreement is utile on abut 21st, 2001 for new registering users, and is otherwise effective on May 15th, 2001 for all users registered prior to March 21st, 2001. 1. rank Eligibility.Our services are gettable only to individuals who can diversity legally binding contracts under applicable law. Without limiting the foregoing, our services are not available to minors or to temporarily or indefinitely hang eBay members. If you do not qualify, please do not use our services. Further, your eBay account (including feedback) and User Id may not be transferred or sold to another party.2. Fees and Services. connector and bidding on items at eBay is free. Our Fees and Credits Policy is available (at http//pages.ebay.com/help/sellerguide/selling-fees.html) and is incorporated by reference. We may change our Fees and Credits Policy and the fees for our services from time to time. Our changes to the policy are effective after we provide you with at least fourteen (14) days card of the changes by posting the changes on the announcements board. However, we may choose to temporarily change our Fees and Credits Policy and the fees for our services for promotional resultants (for example, free listing days) and such changes are effective when we post the temporary promotional event on the announcements board. When you list an item you have an opportunity to review and accept the fees that you will be supercharged for the use of our listing services. We may in our sole kickshaw change some or all of our services at any time. In the event we introduce a new service, the fees for that service are effective at the launch of the service. Unless otherwise stated, all fees are quoted in U.effects of television on children essays research papers THE FOLLOWING DESCRIBES THE TERMS ON WHICH EBAY OFFERS YOU ACCESS TO OUR SERVICES. Welcome to eBay Inc.s User Agreement. This Agreement describes the terms and conditions applicable to your use of our services at http//www.ebay.com and our general principles of our International affiliates. If you have any questions, please refer to our U ser Agreement Frequently Asked Questions at (http//pages.ebay.com/help/basics/f-agreement.html) or our User Agreement Revision Frequently Asked Questions at (http//pages.ebay.com/help/basics/uarevision1-faq.html).We may amend this Agreement at any time by posting the amended terms on our site. Except as stated below, all amended terms shall automatically be effective 30 days after we initially post them on our site. This Agreement may not be otherwise amended except in writing signed by you and eBay Inc. This agreement is effective on March 21st, 2001 for new registering users, and is otherwise effective on May 15th, 2001 for all users registered prior to March 21st, 2001. 1. 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Development of English Lit During Any One Period Essay

Trace the development of side lit during any(prenominal) champion plosive speech soundAs part of your discussion highlight how significant events in the influence the writingAdditionally show how characteristics of the genre the writer uses reflects the period in which it was written. pile Arthur Baldwin once stated that know from whence you came. If you know whence you came, there are absolutely no limitations to where you can go. This quotation may apply to the foil of the Anglo-Saxon period because of the coherent linkage to the origination of the position dialect and the modernization of English Literature. Over the years English literature has evolved greatly. there put one across been diverse changes to the structure and development of English language since the advent of Old English dialect during the Anglo-Saxon period to what we now speak and consider to be English language. Old English is not uniform. It consists of various dialects, but literature take ons to trea t it as a language (Michael Delahoyde.)Research has proven that slightly the world there are over one hundred (100) variants of English, from different American-English dialects, to those of Asia, Africa and Oceana. It is primary(prenominal) for one to know both the origin of this powerful masterpiece cognise as the English Language and the importance of this literary period to the development of English literature. In attempting to do the aforementioned, the focus provide be on the Anglo-Saxon tidy sum, their society, culture, and literary work with a view towards highlighting the impact on the development of the English language and English literature. The Anglo-Saxon or Old English period goes from the invasion of Celtic England in the initiative half of the fifth century (AD 700) up till the conquest in 1066 by William of Normandy. The Anglo-Saxons consisted of diverse ethnicity that forms one nation. There were trinity main ethnic groups that formed the Anglo-Saxon. Thes e are Angles from Angel in South-West Denmark, Saxon from North-West Germany, and Jute from Jutland in Central Denmark.These three main ethnic groups admit made up most of the Anglo-Saxon society. However smaller group of people from Germanic ethnic group were in like manner associated with the Anglo-Saxons. These people shared the same language but were each ru lead by different strong warriors who invaded and conquered Britain while the Romans were still in control. The Angles and the Saxon common people being the largest of the groups when attac magnate other ethnic groups were often called the Anglo-Saxons. England which means the Land of the Angles was a name given after the Anglo-Saxon. A writer describes them as A warrior society that put swords and shields before fancy artifacts. Helmets were placed before gold and death before dishonour. The Anglo-Saxon was a pagan society and the people were ab initio free however, life for even the richest of the social groups was very hard. The Anglo-Saxon society had three social classes. There was an upper-class, middle class and a lower class. The Anglo-Saxon upper class was the Thanes. They would give gifts like weapons to their followers and they enjoyed hunting and feasting.The churls were the middle class in the Anglo-Saxon Society. Some churls were richesy people while most were very poor. The lower class was slaves called Thralls. The churls and the Thanes were leters of Land. However, some churls had to rent land from a Thane. They would then work the Thane land for part of the week and give him part of their crops in exchange for rent. The basis of society was the free peasant. However in time Anglo-Saxon churls began to lose their freedom. They became increasingly dependent on their Lords and under their control (Tim Lambert.) Researches eat up indicated that most Anglo-Saxons were primitive subsistence farmers. It has as well being proven that some of the men were craftsmen. The farmers grew wh eat, barley, peas, cabbage, carrots, rye and parsnip. They reared animals much(prenominal) as pigs, cattle and flocks of sheep. The craftsmen were blacksmith, bronze smith, jewelers and potters.Their homes were made with wood and agree thatched roofs. Anglo-Saxon society was decidedly patriarchal, but women were in some ways better off than they would be in later times. A woman could own property in her own right. She could and did rule a kingdom if her husband died. She could not be married without her consent and any personal goods, including lands that she brought into a jointure remained her own property. If she were injured or abused in her marriage her relatives were expected to look after her interests (David Ross.) The women were responsible for grounding of grains, baking of bread, brewing of beer, making of butter and cheese. During this era it was dangerous to travel thus, most people would travel only if it was unavoidable. If possible they would travel by water along the coast or along the river. During the early Anglo-Saxon period England was a very different place from what it is today. The human population was very small.They grew their own food and made their own uniform The lord and kin had the strongest ties in the Anglo-Saxon society. The ties of loyalty were to the person of a lord. There was no real concept of patriotism or loyalty to a cause. Kings could not, except in exceptional circumstances, make new laws. Their role instead was to uphold and clarify previous custom. The first act of a conquering king was often to assure his subjects that he would uphold their ancient privileges, laws, and customs (David Ross.) One of the most famous kings during the Anglo-Saxon period was Ethelberht, king of Kent (reigned c.560-616). He married Bertha, the Christian daughter of the king of Paris, and who became the first English king to be converted to Christianity. Ethelberhts law code was the first to be written in any Germanic language and in cluded 90 laws. His influence extended both north and south of the river Humber his nephew became king of the East Saxons. (The Royal Household) Kinship was very important in the Anglo-Saxon society. If you were killed your relatives would avenge you. If one of your relatives were killed you were expected to avenge them.However the law did offer an alternative. If you killed or injured somebody you could pay them or their family compensation. This led to bloody and extensive feuds. The money paid was called wergild and it set a monetary value on each persons life according to their wealth and social status. The wergild for killing a thane was much more than that for killing a churl. Thralls or slaves had no wergild. If the wergild was not paid the relatives were entitled to seek revenge. The wergild value could also be used to set the fine payable if a person was injured or offended against. Robbing a thane called for a higher penalty than robbing a churl. On the other hand, a thane who thieves could pay a higher fine than a churl who did likewise. The Anglo-Saxons enjoyed storytelling, riddles and games. Most Anglo-Saxon poetry emerges from an oral tradition and was meant for entertainment. These whole kit and boodle include genres such as epic poetry, hagiography, sermons, Bible translations, legal works, chronicles, riddles, and others.Poets were known as Scops and harpists Gleemen. They would sing or recite and were the only historians of the time. The poetic structure was establish on accent and alliteration (not rhyme and meter). The minstrels and gleemen would entertain the lord and his men by singing and playing the harp. Michael Delahoyde from Washington State University stated in an argument that We get our syntax from the Anglo-Saxons, our preference for and greater ease with nouns, the tendencies to simplify grammar and shorten words, and the law of recessive accent the tendency to place the accent on the first syllable and to slur over subseque nt syllables. The rime Beowulf, which has achieved national epic status in England and Judith, are among the most important works of this period. Other writings such as the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle are significant to the study of the era, as it provides preserving chronology of early English history, while the poem Cdmons sing to image survives as the oldest extant work of literature in English. Researchers have suggested that there are twelve known medieval poets as most Old English poets are anonymous.Only four of those are known by their vernacular works to us today with any certainty Caedmon, Bede, Alfred the Great, and Cynewulf. Of these, only Caedmon, Bede, and Alfred the Great have known biographies. The epic Beowulf reflects the era that it was written in greatly as it speaks immensely about pagan deities, a Christian tradition and about a warrior society. A writer describes it as the symbol of the antiquity and continuity of English poetry. Several features of Beowulf folkt ale and the sense of sorrow for the passing of worldly things mark it as elegiacThe Germanic tribal society is indeed central to Beowulf. The tribal lord was to ideals of extraordinary martial valor (David Damrosch, pg 27). The poet careful use of varied themes and techniques such as alliterations as a structural principle (pg27), litotes, compound words, repetitions, nobility, heroic glory and distribution of gifts highlighted the way and life of the people of that era. Beowulf highlighted the Christian traditional beliefs of the Anglo-Saxons people by pin pointing the beliefs that God is the creator of all things and the ruler of the heavens.Throughout Beowulf, whenever any great men manage to achieve heroic feats, the narrator lead be careful to attribute their prowess to Gods favor and divine plan. He knew what they had toiled, the long times and troubles theyd come through without a leader so the Lord of Life, the glorious Almighty, made this man renowned. (Beowulf 12-17) Beow ulf complex religious background reflected the era of the Anglo-Saxon people. The description of the creation shows an unusual patchwork with the pagan imagery of the demonic beast Grendel and the Christian imagery of a caring God that creates all things. Then a powerful demon, a sneak through the dark, nursed a hard grievance. It harrowed him to hear the din of the loud banquet all(prenominal) day in the hall, the harp being struck and the cause song of a skilled poet telling with mastery of mans beginnings, how the Almighty had made the earth a gleaming plain girdled with waters in His splendour He set the sun and the moon to be earths lamplight, lanterns for men, and filled the broad lap of the world with branches and leaves and quickened life in every other thing that moved. (86-98).Beowulf invokes the values of the warrior society of the Anglo- Saxon period in several ways. During the Anglo-Saxon period the relationship between the warrior and his lord consisted of mutual desire loyalty, and respect. There was a symbolic importance of spiritual materials which entails giving of honour/worth, and the value of ultimate achievements which was a visible proof that all parties are realizing themselves to the fullest in a spiritual sense. These values are all highlighted in the epic Beowulf. Beowulf also reflected the value of kinsmen to exact wergild (man-price) or to take vengeance for their kinsmens death. The need to take vengeance created never-ending feuds, bloodshed, a vast web of reprisals and counter-reprisals (a strong sense of doom).These prognosiss of the Anglo-Saxon warrior society was highlighted in a fatal evil aspect one of such was Grendel and the dragon in undertaking to slay Grendel, and later Grendels mother, Beowulf is testing his relationship with unknowable destiny. Whether he lives or dies, he will have done all that any warrior would do during that period. The oldest surviving vernacular text in English is called Hymn and was writ ten by Caedmon who is best-known and considered the baffle of Old English poetry. This poem is an example of pagan and Christian fusion in order to promote Christian themes in a pagan society. Caedmons hymn is recorded in Bedes Historia Ecclesiastica, and marks the beginning of tremendous developments within textual transmission and the heroic genre itself. Caedmons Hymn may be regarded as an early forerunner of the dream vision narrative.This style of poetry is formulated by an individual who has experienced a phantasmagoric revelation within which they are guided by an authoritative figure in Caedmons case this figure being God. The hero discussed within the poem is perhaps unconventional in modern terms, but just as the Gods of classical literature were seen as heroes within their cultural context, so too does the Christian God in Caedmons Hymn represent a hero to the people of Caedmons culture. The poem features heavy use of stylistic features archetypal of Anglo-Saxon poetry. (Tiarnan O Sullivan.) Caedmon had lived at the abbey of Whitby in Northumbria in the 7th century. Only a single nine-line poem remains. Now let us praise the Guardian of the kingdom of HeavenWorks CitedThe Anglo-Saxon Kings. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Nov. 2012. . Anglo-Saxon Poetry. New World Encyclopedia. N.p., 11 Oct. 2012. Web. 15 Nov. 2012. . Baldwin, James A. Know from Whence You Came. If You Know Whence You Came, There Are Absolutely No Limitations to Where You Can Go.. Goodreads. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Nov. 2012. . Beowulf. Beowulf. Georgetown University, n.d. Web. 29 Nov. 2012. . Damrosch, David. Beowulf. The Longman Anthology of British Literature.

Marketing Relationship in the Organisation Essay

Relationship merchandising is a form of merchandising developed from direct rejoinder market placeing campaigns conducted in the 1970s and 1980s which emphasizes node retention and satisfaction, rather than a dominant focus on point-of-sale transactions. Relationship trade differs from other forms of merchandise in that it recognizes the long term nurse to the firm of keeping customers, as opposed to direct marketing or Intrusion marketing, which foc expends upon acquisition of refreshful leaf nodes by targeting majority demographics based upon prospective client lists.Development of Relationship MarketingRelationship marketing refers to a long-term and mutually beneficial arrangement wherein both the buyer and seller focus on cheer enhancement with the goal of providing a more satisfying exchange. This approach attempts to transcend the simple purchase-exchange process with customer to make more meaningful and richer converge by providing a more holistic, personalized purc hase, and use the consumption experience to create stronger ties. agree to Liam Alvey, consanguinity marketing can be applied when on that point are competitive product alternatives for customers to choose from and when there is an ongoing and periodic desire for the product or dish.Fornell and Birger Wernerfelt utilise the term defensive marketing to suck attempts to reduce customer turnover and increase customer loyalty. This customer-retention approach was contrasted with offensive marketing which touchd obtaining new customers and change magnitude customers purchase frequency. Defensive marketing focused on reducing or managing the dissatisfaction of your customers, while offensive marketing focused on liberating dissatisfied customers from your competition and generating new customers. There are two components to defensive marketing increasing customer satisfaction and increasing switching barriers.Modern consumer marketing originated in the 1950s and 1960s as compan ies found it more paid to sell relatively low-value products to masses of customers. Over the decades, attempts have been made to broaden the scope of marketing, dealingship marketing being one of these attempts. Arguably, customer value has been greatly enriched by these contributions. The practice of relationship marketing has been facilitated by several generations of customer relationship management software that allow tracking and analyzing of each customers optences, activities, tastes, likes, dislikes, and complaints.For example, an automobile manufacturer maintaining a database of when and how repeat customers buy their products, the options they choose, the way they finance the purchase etc., is in a powerful position to develop one-to-one marketing offers and product benefits. In web applications, the consumer shopping profile is built as the person shops on the website. This information is then used to compute what can be his or her likely preferences in other categori es. These predicted cracks can then be shown to the customer by means of cross-sell, email recommendation and other channels.Relationship marketing has also migrated back into direct mail, allowing marketers to take advantage of the technological capabilities of digital, toner-based printing presses to produce unique, personalized pieces for each recipient. Marketers can personalize documents by any information contained in their databases, including name, address, demographics, purchase history, and dozens (or even hundreds) of other variables. The result is a printed piece that (ideally) reflects the individual needs and preferences of each recipient, increasing the relevance of the piece and increasing the response rate.ScopeRelationship marketing has also been strongly influenced by reengineering. According to (process) reengineering theory, organizations should be structured according to complete tasks and processes rather than functions. That is, cross-functional teams shou ld be responsible for a whole process, from beginning to end, rather than having the work go from one functional department to a nonher. Traditional marketing is said to use the functional (or silo) department approach. The legacy of this can let off be seemn in the traditional four Ps of the marketing mix. Pricing, product management, promotion, and placement.According to Gordon (1999), the marketing mix approach is in addition limit to provide a usable framework for assessing and developing customer relationships in many industries and should be replaced by the relationship marketing alternative specimen where the focus is on customers, relationships and interaction over time, rather than markets and products. In contrast, relationship marketing is cross-functional marketing. It is organized around processes that involve all aspects of the organization. In fact, some commentators prefer to call relationship marketing relationship management in recognition of the fact that it involves much more than that which is normally included in marketing.Martin Christopher, Adrian Payne, and David Ballantyne at the Cranfield schoolhouse of Management claim that relationship marketing has the potential to forge a new synthesis between quality management, customer service management, and marketing. They see marketing and customer service as inseparable. Relationship marketing involves the application of the marketing philosophy to all parts of the organization. Every employee is said to be a part-time marketer. The way Regis McKenna (1991) puts it Marketing is not a function it is a way of doing business . . . marketing has to be all pervasive, part of every(prenominal)ones art description, from the receptionist to the board of directors.ApproachesSatisfactionRelationship marketing relies upon the communication and acquisition of consumer requirements solely from existing customers in a mutually beneficial exchange usually involving permission for contact by th e customer through an opt-in system. With particular relevance to customer satisfaction the relative price and quality of goods and services produced or sold through a follow alongside customer service generally determine the amount of sales relative to that of competing companies.Although groups targeted through relationship marketing may be large, accuracy of communication and overall relevancy to the customer remains higher than that of direct marketing, but has slight potential for generating new leads than direct marketing and is limited to Viral marketing for the acquisition of further customers. retentivenessA key principle of relationship marketing is the retention of customers through varying means and practices to fit repeated trade from preexisting customers by satisfying requirements above those of competing companies through a mutually beneficial relationship. This technique is now used as a means of counterbalancing new customers and opportunities with current and e xisting customers as a means of maximizing profit and counteracting the leaky bucket theory of business in which new customers gained in older direct marketing oriented businesses were at the expense of or coincided with the loss of older customers.This process of churning is less economically possible than retaining all or the majority of customers employ both direct and relationship management as lead generation via new customers requires more investment. Many companies in competing markets lead redirect or allocate large amounts of resources or attention towards customer retention as in markets with increasing competition it may make up 5 times more to attract new customers than it would to retain current customers, as direct or offensive marketing requires much more massive resources to cause defection from competitors.However, it is suggested that because of the extensive classic marketing theories center on means of attracting customers and creating transactions rather th an maintaining them, the majority usage of direct marketing used in the past is now gradually being used more alongside relationship marketing as its importance becomes more recognizable. It is claimed by Reichheld and Sasser that a 5% improvement in customer retention can cause an increase in profitability of between 25 and 85 percent (in monetary value of net present value) depending on the industry. However Carrol, and Reichheld dispute these calculations, claiming they result from faulty cross-sectional analysis. According to Buchanan and Gilles, the increased profitability associated with customer retention efforts blow overs because of several factors that occur once a relationship has been established with a customer. The cost of acquisition occurs only at the beginning of a relationship, so the longer the relationship, the lower the amortized cost. account statement maintenance costs decline as a percentage of total costs (or as a percentage of revenue). long-run custo mers tend to be less inclined to switch, and also tend to be less price sensitive. This can result in stable unit sales volume and increases in dollar-sales volume. Long-term customers may initiate free word of mouth promotions and referrals. Long-term customers are more likely to purchase ancillary products and high margin supplemental products. Customers that proceed with you tend to be satisfied with the relationship and are less likely to switch to competitors, making it difficult for competitors to enter the market or gain market share. Regular customers tend to be less expensive to service because they are familiar with the process, require less education, and are consistent in their coordinate placement. Increased customer retention and loyalty makes the employees jobs easier and more satisfying. In turn, happy employees feed back into better customer satisfaction in a stark(a) circle. Relationship marketers speak of the relationship ladder of customer loyalty.It group s types of customers according to their level of loyalty. The ladders first rung consists of prospects, that is, people that have not purchased yet but are likely to in the future. This is followed by the successive rungs of customer, client, supporter, advocate, and partner. The relationship marketers objective is to help customers get as high up the ladder as possible. This usually involves providing more personalized service and providing service quality that exceeds expectations at each step. Customer retention efforts involve considerations such as the following 1. Customer valuation Gordon (1999) describes how to value customers and categorize them according to their financial and strategic value so that companies can decide where to invest for deeper relationships and which relationships need to be served differently or even terminated.2. Customer retention measurement Dawkins and Reichheld (1990) calculated a companys customer retention rate. This is simply the percentage of customers at the beginning of the year that are still customers by the end of the year. In concord with this statistic, an increase in retention rate from 80% to 90% is associated with a doubling of the average life of a customer relationship from 5 to 10 years. This ratio can be used to make comparisons between products, between market segments, and over time.3. Determine reasons for defection Look for the root causes, not stainless symptoms. This involves probing for details when talking to former customers. Other techniques include the analysis of customers complaints and competitive benchmarking (see competitor analysis). 4. Develop and implement a corrective plan This could involve actions to improve employee practices, using benchmarking to determine best corrective practices, visible endorsement of top management, adjustments to the companys reward and recognition systems, and the use of recovery teams to run through the causes of defections. A technique to calculate the value to a firm of a sustained customer relationship has been developed.This calculation is typically called customer lifetime value. Retention strategies also build barriers to customer switching. This can be done by product bundling (combining several products or services into one package and offering them at a single price), cross selling (selling related products to current customers), cross promotions (giving discounts or other promotional incentives to purchasers of related products), loyalty programs (giving incentives for frequent purchases), increasing switching costs (adding termination costs, such as mortgage termination fees), and integrating computer systems of multiple organizations (primarily in industrial marketing). Many relationship marketers use a team-based approach. The rationale is that the more points of contact between the organization and customer, the stronger will be the bond, and the more secure the relationship.ApplicationRelationship marketing and t raditional (or transactional) marketing are not mutually exclusive and there is no need for a conflict between them. A relationship oriented marketer still has choices at the level of practice, according to the situation variables. Most firms blend the two approaches to match their portfolio of products and services. Virtually all products have a service component to them and this service component has been getting larger in recent decades. (See service economy and experience economy.)Internal marketingRelationship marketing also stresses what it calls internal marketing. This refers to using a marketing orientation within the organization itself. It is claimed that many of the relationship marketing attributes like collaboration, loyalty and trust determine what internal customers say and do. According to this theory, every employee, team, or department in the company is simultaneously a supplier and a customer of services and products.An employee obtains a service at a point in th e value chain and then provides a service to another employee further along the value chain. If internal marketing is effective, every employee will both provide and receive exceptional service from and to other employees. It also helps employees understand the significance of their roles and how their roles relate to others. If implemented well, it can also encourage every employee to see the process in terms of the customers perception of value added, and the organizations strategic mission. Further it is claimed that an effective internal marketing program is a prerequisite for effective external marketing efforts. (George, W. 1990)The six markets modelAdrian Payne (1991) from Cranfield University goes further. He identifies six markets which he claims are central to relationship marketing. They are internal markets, supplier markets, recruitment markets, referral markets, influence markets, and customer markets. Referral marketing is developing and implementing a marketing plan to stimulate referrals. Although it may take months before you see the effect of referral marketing, this is often the most effective part of an overall marketing plan and the best use of resources. Marketing to suppliers is aimed at ensuring a long-term conflict-free relationship in which all parties understand each others needs and exceed each others expectations. Such a strategy can reduce costs and improve quality. diverge markets involve a wide range of sub-markets including government regulators, standards bodies, lobbyists, stockholders, bankers, venture capitalists, financial analysts, stockbrokers, consumer associations, environmental associations, and labor associations. These activities are typically carried out by the public relations department, but relationship marketers feel that marketing to all six markets is the responsibility of everyone in the organization. Each market may require its own explicit strategies and a separate marketing mixes for each.

Plantation agriculture Essay

Plantation agriculture is a kind of commercial arable work in the world. It is especially important in humid tropics with luxuriant growth of vegetation. Its economic effectiveness is always emphasized, bringing both positive and ban impacts. In recent decades, crop diversification is introduced and the ecological balance of the natural environment is greatly conserved. Plantation agriculture refers to the growing of cash crops on big foreign owned estates in countries of tropical environment. It is usually practiced in a large scale with monoculture, in which only a certain face of plant is dominant.Take Papua New Guinea as an example, in the area, cacao, coffee and rubber are mainly grown in the region for export to opposite countries. Under this kind of farming, there are positive impacts to the economy. Firstly, due to its large scale of operation and being export-oriented in Papua New Guinea, the supply of products is regular and of uniformly high quality. With high demand for the products, this attracts large amount of investment of capital from the foreign countries, much(prenominal) as Europe and North America, and then allowing the farmers being financially able to provide the expensive machinery capable of turning out a high grade product.Benefiting from economies of scale, this enables both the transportation cost and production cost to be lowered. Secondly, plantations are also able to undertake greater scientific research and the eradication of pests and diseases. For example, one large sugar company in the former British colony of Guyana was able to employ a large research staff to produce a strain of sugar rottere resistant to leaf-scald disease.Besides, government assistance has brought improved crop varieties, scientific research, new pesticides and fertilizers and effective marketing, The government of Papua New Guinea launched The Cape Hoskins Oil Palm Scheme to solve land disputes of numerous small holdings, strengthening national self-reliance. With increasing demand for the plantation, the employment rate of Papua New Guinea is greatly increased as there are more than needs for personnel to manage crop growing and researching. Some crop processing and manufacturing industries are set up to satisfy the demand for crops.The farm productivity is increased as well. As people can earn more income from this kind of farming, this stimulates the rate of urbanization, hence the development of infrastructure and improvement of public facilities, such as roads, railways, ports, towns, schools, hospitals and the supply of electricity and water. As a result, the living standard of the labour is greatly improved. Despite the economic benefits, plantation farming somehow brings controvert impacts to Papua New Guinea. First is the reliance upon the protected markets in Australia.At present, about one-third of the copra, 40 percent of the coffee, most of the cocoa and rubber is exported to Australia, which is assigned to acknowledge duty free. In return, Papua New Guinea has to pay taxes for any imports. This leads to outflow of capital to foreign countries beca give this kind of farming is highly export-oriented. Second is the problem of labour. Plantations have a bun in the oven large amount of cheap labour, but the wage rate is progressively higher because of the rising living standard and commercialization of the country.This increases the cost of production and thus reduces the competitiveness among other countries for the same kind of farming. Apart from this, the risk of crop failure is an important factor for consideration. As plantation agriculture is highly specialized. nation highly rely on monoculture to earn a living. When the price of cash crops falls drastically or there is a sudden of crop failure, the income of farmers lead fall as well. As a result, the earning of farmers tend to be unstable and badly affected the national income of Papua New Guinea.Besides, people have to im port other necessities from other countries instead of planting within their own country, self-sufficiency can non be achieved. In this way, there is no other source to guard duty the return of farmers. To cross the negative impacts, crop diversification is a good method to reduce the over-reliance on certain types of cash crops. Ecologically, this method can also be respectable to the environment. Since different types of crops are grown, the risk of crop failure decreases. This can stop the spread of diseases and pests for a particular type of crops. The population of pests decreases.This in turn reduces the use of pesticides. Hence, the chance of stream pollution is smaller, the sea organisms will not be poisoned or suffocated so easily, the nutrient flow can be more stable. on that point will be greater diversity of species of biomass, so the ecosystem will be more stable. Furthermore, diversification of crops increases the vegetation cover. There will be less show up runoff and soil erosion, yet infiltration increases. The nutrients of the soil can be preserved. Crop diversification also reduces the exhaustion of certain type of nutrients, fertility can be maintained and thus the use of fertilizer will be less common as well.Climatically, because of less crop failures, the amount of biomass increases. The evapotranspiration rate and spark advance speed can be more stable, so the microclimate can be maintained constant, the risk of global warming will not be getting serious so fast. In conclusion, plantation of cash crops is significant in Papua New Guinea for economic development. Though crop diversification may not be as profitable as plantation agriculture, ecological environment should not be ignored. In long-term, diversification of crops is a good way to safeguard the natural environment and brings more stable income to the farmers as well.

Victims Movement

Victimology in its most simple form is the study of the victim or victims of a particular offender (Roberson. & W totallyace, 2011). I sense of smell that the Victims accomplishment has not yet reached its full potential because just like every form of law, legislature or even government there is al ways ways to improve and to become stronger. Much like when we started to form our government it had so many flaws and it still today has the ability to improve. The problem is that as society changes and umbrage changes the laws and the system rent to change with it in order for things to improve.When it comes to abominations it isnt just the victim that is affected, everyone involved is affected including the offender and the society. Starting in the 1960s victims of crime began to volunteer with many different programs to assist other victims, speaking on their behalf and trying to fight for rights and fighting for a voice. Because of these actions we now have programs like recti tude Enforcement Assistance Administration (LEAA) which is an agency that provides funds for law enforcement to establish victim-witness programs (Roberson, Wallace, 2011).The downfall in creating programs like this is the funding, having the money to pay for them. That was exactly the problem in in the 70s and 80s, not enough funding to keep them going. This is a problem for a lot of law enforcement and criminal programs. Not to be discouraged the movement just started to move into specialized groups such as National Coalition Against Sexual Assault, and POMC P arents of Murdered Children. Another one that we hear slightly a great deal still today is MADD which is Mothers Against Drunk Drivers founded in 1980 by Candy Lightner whose daughter was killed by a sot driver (Roberson,Wallace,2011).Having these programs thunder mug be so helpful to so many people that it is important to have the money to fund them this can be a problem for those who sine qua non it. So what is there f or us to do to ensure that they remain available? Are there ways to continue to be effective? I feel that there are ways to ensure that the Victims military campaign reaches its absolute full potential and to ensure that nobody goes unnoticed that may need such programs. I feel that it is important to have contingency plans and goals to achieve success.First continue to get the word out, be the voice for the people who may not have their own anymore. With the MADD organization there goal is to To aid the victims of crimes performed by individuals driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs, to aid the families of such victims and to increase domain awareness of the problem of drinking and drugged driving (MADD. org). With this organization they have saved nearly 300,000 lives by doing the work they do by having MADD in all 50 states, 1,200 victims advocates in 48 states and 20 volunteer hotlines that help people 24/7 ( MADD. rg). These programs dont always get money from the government, they lots have to raise money, and they are often non-profit organizations, but without them victims may have no other resources. Plan for the future. Having goals to help people, to help the victims and even the families of crimes like drunk driving or sexual assault needs follow through. They need someone to say OK lets get together and curb a plan, lets get as many drunk drivers off the road as we can.It takes a leader to get groups going, to puff a difference in so many peoples lives, and it shouldnt take a tragedy to get people to do something virtually it. Get as much support as you can. Being a victim doesnt just happen, these organizations dont just happen and the Victims Movement cant thrive on its own. These things need support they need support from communities, the need support from society and they need support from the government.There are times when we need laws, laws to prevent people from being able to commit the same crime unpunished and able to hur t other people. Law enforcement agencies should be involved as much as possible too within their own communities, providing assistance programs and advocates to support victims or all involved that have their lives eer changed. These are things that can help make the changes we need, the changes we need to continue righting the wrongs and to forever make a difference in the lives of so many people.

Fuzzy Topsis Method

hirsute TOPSIS system This is an approach based on the TOPSIS technique (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) and the fuzzy set theory. The TOPSIS method is based on the concept that the optimum option has the least distance from the positive ideal solution. It is a linear fishing technique, which was first proposed, in its curt version by Chen and Hwang(1992), with reference to Hwang and Yoon(1981).Since then, this method has been widely adopted to solve MCDM problems in many different fields. Because ending tuition is uncertain preferably of certain in most environments, further extension for group decision making problems under fuzzy environment was published by Cheng(2000),known as Fuzzy TOPSIS. The pickax of the third-party supplier is a typical MCDM problem. In this method firstly we screen out providers that have not minimal qualifications by the selection criteria. hence niggardness coefficient of affirmers to apiece proposal will be com puted by Fuzzy TOPSIS method and finally these coefficients as successful indicators for all(prenominal) provider will be ply in to a linear programming to select most profitable projects and providers with respect to the constraints. The stages argon described blow Stage1 Eliminate contractors that havent minimal qualifications. For the purpose of analysis, selection criteria need to be rationally selected at first. There are a lot of researches with respect to the decision criteria for evaluating the supplier.Such as the study of Dickson(1966), Ellram (1990),Weber et al. (1991), ,Grupe (1997), and Akomode et al. (1998). According to an empirical survey, the peak four selection criteria are responsiveness to service requirements, quality of management, track record of ethical importance, and ability to provide judge-added services. The less important selection criteria are listed in a descending order as below low cost, specific channel expertise, knowledge of market, personal relationship with key contacts, willingness to assume risk, enthronisation in state-of- art technologies, size of firm, and national market coverage.Keeping the outcomes of the supplier selection literature review as a guideline, we derived the relevant factors to evaluate in the provider selection process based on the outsourcing view. However selection of criteria is totally industry specific and based on each case and the criteria are changed and replaced. Then opinions of decision makers on criteria were aggregated and weights of all criteria have been calculated by organizing the expert meeting. Meanwhile, the outcomes of the supplier selection literature review should be kept as a guideline.Stage2 Computing closeness coefficient (CC) for each project by fuzzy TOPSIS method So after we have obtained the important evaluation criteria and the qualified provider candidates to form the MCDM problem,the ranking of the shortlisted vendor providers will be done using the fuzzy TOPSI S approach. First,choose the appropriate linguistic variables for the importance weight of the criteria ,asses the importance of each contractor in each project with respect to each criterion by DM, using linguistic variables.Convert these evaluation into triangular fuzzy numbers with fuzzy weight for each criterion. Fuzzy weight wj of criterion C j are obtained with regard to DMs opinions. Then the importance of the criteria and the rating of alternatives with respect to each criterion and the aggregated rating Xij under criteria C j can be calculated as Wj=1KWj1+Wj2++Wjk xij=1Kxij1+xij2++xijk Wjk is the importance weight of the kth decision maker. xijk is the rating of the kth decision maker. Construct the normalized fuzzy decision matrix.If we describe the linguistic variables by triangular fuzzy numbers, xij=(aij,bij,cij) and wij=(wj1,wj2,wj3)then we can get the fuzzy decision matrix denoted by R, and R= R=rijm? n. rij=(aijcj,bijcj,cijcj) rij=(aj-aij,aj-bij,aj-cij) Next, the wei ghted normalized fuzzy decision matrix is constructed by V=vijm? n, i=1,2,,m j=1,2,,n Where vij=rij(. )wj later on all of these analysis and calculation ,a positive-ideal solution (PIS, A+) and a fuzzy negative-ideal solution (NIS,A-) as the criterion are chosen.The best alternative solution should be the closest to the Positive Ideal Solution (PIS) and the farthest from the Negative Ideal Solution (NIS). A+=(v1*,v2*,,vn*) A-=(v1-,v2-,,vn-) vj*=1,1,1 vj-=0,0,0 Calculate the total distance of each components from the fuzzy positive ideal and negative ideal ? If A and B are two fuzzy numbers as follows, distance between these fuzzy numbers is calculated by equation below A=(a1,b1,c1) B=(a2,b2,c2) Equation DA,B=13a2-a12+b2-b12+c2-c12Given the above description on how to calculate the distance between fuzzy numbers, the distance of components from positive and negative ideas can be derived respectively as di*=j=1nd(vij,vj*), i=1,2,,m di-=j=1nd(vij,vj-), i=1,2,,m In the end,the relat ive closeness coefficient (CC)of each contractor-project in each criterion can be calculated as CCi=di*di-+di+, i=1,2,,m Stage3 Selecting the best projects and related contractors Select the best projects and related contractors by ranking options based on the descending cci.An alternative with index cci approaching 1 indicates that the alternative is close to the fuzzy positive ideal reference point and far from the fuzzy negative ideal reference point. A large value of closeness index indicates a good performance of the alternative. A case study The proposed methodology for supplier selection problem, composed of TOPSIS method, consists of three Steps (1) aim the criteria to be used in the model (2) weigh the criteria by using expert views (3) evaluation of alternatives with TOPSIS and determination of the final rank.The case is that of a major smart set operating in the dairy products field. In the first phase, the project team operated mainly through roundtable discussions on developing their main selection criteria. After identity the criteria attributed under consideration, five alternatives suppliers are written in the list. There are several criteria need to be considered, and each vendors information under each criteria are collected, calculating each vendors overall rating weight, shown in Table 2. (Mohammad Saeed Zaeri,2010) Finally, the closeness coefficient was calculated to rank alternatives.The results obtained are shown in Table 4 (Mohammad Saeed Zaeri,2010) The order of rating among those vendors is Supplier3gt Supplier 4gt Supplier 1gt Supplier2gtSupplier5, the best vendor would be Supplier3. To conclude, the TOPSIS method had several advantages. First, TOPSIS makes it practicable to appraise the distances of each candidate from the positive and negative ideal solutions. Second, it allows the straight linguistic definition of weights and ratings under each criterion, without the need of cumbersome pairwise comparisons and the risk of incon sistencies.It evaluates the projects and each provider more precisely by expert decision makers in each stage of the whole process. Moreover, the method is very easy to understand and to implement. whole these issues are of fundamental importance for a direct field implementation of the methodology by logistics practitioners. However TOPSIS is proved to be insensitive to the number of alternatives and has its vanquish performance only in case of very limited number of criteria. In order to apply fuzzy TOPSIS to a MCDM problem, selection criteria have to be monotonic.

Baldwin Cycle Case

Baldwin Cycle Case 1. pertinent Cost Direct Material$39. 8 Direct Labor$19. 6 Variable Overhead(40% of $24. 5)$9. 8 Total Relevant Costs$69. 2 2. 2-months Raw material for 25,000 bikes $38. 9$165,833 WIP Inventory(1000 $69. 2)$69,200 Finished Goods(500 $69. 2)$34,600 A/R (30 days) (25,000/12*92. 29)$192,270 Total Inventory Costs$461,904 Relevant Asset Cost (5. 5 %) $25,405 Total Relevant Asset Cost$487,309 Interest 18%$87,716 Net Relevant Cost$399,593 Price Per Bicycle$15. 98 3. Cannibalization or erosion will arguably lead to reduction in Baldwins revenue.The lost sales amount to $1. 3 Million. However, if the challenger bikes are not introduced fearing impacts of cannibalization or erosion, Baldwins competitor can step in and claim the benefits. Hi-Valu can turn to Baldwins competitor and that can have a large and long-term effect on an already declining bicycle market share for Baldwin. 4. It is difficult to predict return as implementation of this push-down storage opens u p perplexity in retaining existing customers. 5. The current inventory turnover rate is 125 days for Baldwin and 46 days for account receivable turnover.However, Hi-Valu will pay Baldwin in 30 days resulting in early cash realization. The deal also positively impacts inventory turnover by limiting it to 120 days. Thus the deal has a favorable impact on Baldwin Cash flows. 6. Baldwins financial situation is as follows a. High debt to equity ratio from high amount of short-run debt b. High debt can lead to problems in raising additional financing c. From the current ratio(1. 28), it seems that Baldwin can pay of its liabilities d. With an 8. 2% ROE, Baldwin has a lower ROE than the persistence average 7.Baldwin isnt well poised at end of 1982 for the following reasons a. Bicycle boom has flattened out resulting the plant operating capacity to be underutilized at 75% b. Challenger deal provides added capacity for a guaranteed 3 years with additional scope on a yearly contact earth c. Baldwin could lose sales of 3000 units and loss of current dealers due to the deal Based on long-term prospect of losing 3000 units of sales and current dealers, Baldwin should reject the deal unless whatever revisions to the deal are presented.

Outline the key theoretical claims of restorative justice and critically evaluate its advantages and disadvantages as applied to contemporary punishment practices in the UK.

Abstract revitalising rightness describes respective(a) processes designed to correct the terms that the roughshod inflicts on its victims and communities (Braithwaite,1999). It requires all parties victims, wrongdoers and communities, to establish ship canal of repairing the harm of crime and prevent it from happening again (Strickland, 2004, Cornwell, 2009). Although such suffices may be seen as a more frank and humane descriptor of justness, it has been criticised for extending the criminal jurist system (net-widening) (Garland, 2001) and for its propensity to privatise the judge e defer, by its use of informal and less accountable forms of, what Foucault refers to as governmentality (Foucault, 1975, Pavlich, 2013). However, research shows that pop justice has been successful in reducing reoffending measures and more significantly, giving a voice to the victims of crime, previously ignored by the preponderant criminal justice system.Introduction tonic water justice describes various processes designed to correct the harm that the criminal inflicts on its victims and communities (Braithwaite,1999). It requires all parties victims, offenders and communities, to establish ways of repairing the harm of crime and prevent it from happening again (Strickland, 2004, Cornwell, 2009). This paper will explore the conceptual underpinnings of the pop approach that will examine its developing in spite of appearance the theoretical and practical framework of contemporary punishment practices. It will lay out that those who advocate restorative justice claim that traditional ways of responding to harm tend to neglect the needs of victims and communities (Braithwaite, 1999). Van Ness & Strong (2010) contend that the prevailing policies and practices of the criminal justice system focus entirely on the offender as law breaker, that only address legal guilt and punishment (Stohr et al,2012). Further, over the last three decades, within the context of the ri se of neo-liberal populism, that has seen decline of the reconstructive ideal, restorative justice practices have the potential to mitigate the worst excesses of punitive punishments (Garland, 2001). However, the theoretical underpinnings of restorative justice, as this paper will show, has been attacked in various ways, due, in part, to its propensity to either be seen as undermining the impartiality of the criminal justice system, or as yet another form of what Foucault (1975) describes as governmentality. From this perspective, restorative justice is seen as an informal process that results in a net-widening of asseverate control (Garland, 2001, Pavlich, 2013). This, in turn, has generated a significant ideological debate over the future of criminal justice (Johnst iodine & Van Ness, 2007). Proponents of restorative justice, however, argue that within the prevailing punitive regime, the increase in custodial sentences has generated a penal crisis that may be excuse by the use of restorative approaches (Cavadino & Dignan, 2006). revitalising justice may therefore be seen as a significant and pragmatic means of lowering the rate of recidivism and bringing virtually a more humane and fair justice (Sim, 2008, Cornwell, 2009).The Demise of the Rehabilitative IdealSince the eighteenth century, ideas surrounding enunciate punishment have led to a mixture of approaches that prevail today (Stohr et al, 2012). Clarkson, 2005, suggests that these theories in turn have generated continual discourse surrounding the moral justifications for punishment, which be retributivism, deterrence, rehabilitation and incapacitation. Sim (2009), citing Foucault, argues that although the prevailing literature on the history of the criminal justice system has placed an emphasis on the shifts and discontinuities in the apparatus of punishment, such as the move from justificatory punishment toward a more progressive rehabilitative approach, since the mid 1970s punishment has be en underpinned and legitimated by a political and populist antipathy to offenders (ibid, Garland 2001, Cornwell, 2009). Garland (2001) argues that the last three decades has seen a shift away from the assumptions and ideologies that shaped crime control for most of the twentieth century. Todays practices of policing and penal sanctions, Garland argues, pursue new objectives in a move away from the penal welfarism (rehabilitation) that shaped the 1890s?1970s approach of policy makers, academics and practitioners. Cornwell (2009) argues that although the rehabilitative shape of punishment was seen as a progressive approach in the middle years of the last century, when it was widely accepted that the provision of treatment and training would transfer the patterns of offending behaviour, the ideology failed to work out in practice (Garland, 2001). In turn, there became a disenchantment with the rehabilitative approach, and the Nothing Works scenario became an accepted belief, attac hed the reality of prison custody (Martinson, 1974). Muncie (2005) claims that the 1970s neo-liberal shift in political ideology saw the rehabilitative welfare model based on collision individual needs, regress back towards a justice model (retributive), that is more concerned with the offence than the offender. From the 1990s, Muncie argues, justice has moved away from due process and rights to an haughty form of crime control.The prison house CrisisCornwell (2009) claims that the effect of the justice model on the prison macrocosm cannot be overstated (Sim, 2008). In England and Wales in 1990 the average unremarkable prison population stood at around 46,000, by 1998 this figure increased to over 65,000, by 2009 the number rose to 82,586 (ibid). Further, the findings in the 2007 Commission on Prisons suggest that a crisis now defines the UK penal system (The Howard League, 2007). Despite a 42,000 decline in reported crime since 1995, the Commission argue, the prison population has soared to a high of 84,000 in 2008, more than doubling since 1992. Cornwell (2009) claims that at present the greets of keeping an offender in prison stands at around ?40,000 per year, where the estimated cost of building new prisons to accommodate the rise of the prison population will withstand huge resources of public money. Prison has therefore become the defining peckerwood of the punishment process, where the United Kingdom (UK) now imprisons more of its population than any other country in Western Europe (ibid p.6).A History of Restorative juristIn response to the prison crisis, experimentation in the 1990s began to see various forms of restorative justice models in order to mitigate retributive punishment and as a means of re-introducing a greater emphasis on the rehabilitation ideal (Muncie, 2005). The arguments for restorative forms of justice, Cornwell (2009) claims, are not just approximately cost and sustainability on national resources, but more significantly, the notion of the type of unjust society the United Kingdom (UK) is likely to become unless this surge in punitive sanctions is not abated (ibid, Sim, 2009). Cornwell (2009) suggests that the main strength of the restorative justice model is that it is practitioner led, deriving from the practical experience of correctional officials and academics who have a comprehensive understanding of the penal system. From a Nothing Works (Martinson, 1974) to a What Works experience, the emphasis of restorative justice has been to identify a more humane, equitable and practical means of justice that goes beyond the needs of the offender (rehabilitative goal) toward addressing the victims and their communities (Cornwell, 2009).Restorative Justice ? Theory and PracticeHoward Zehr (2002), envisioned restorative justice as addressing the victims needs or harm that holds offenders accountable to put right the harm that involves the victims, offenders and their communities (Zehr, 2002). The first foc us is on holding the offender accountable for harm, the piece is the requirement that in order to reintegrate into society, offenders must do something significant to repair the harm. Third, there should be a process through which victims, offenders and communities have a legitimate stake in the outcomes of justice (Cornwell, 2009.p45). In this way, Zehr (2002) redefines or redirects the harm of crime away from its definition of a violation of the state, toward a violation of one person by another. At the same time, the focus of establishing blame or guilt shifts toward a focus on problem solving and obligations. As a result, communities and not the state become the central facilitators in repairing and restoring harm (ibid).Although restorative justice has come acrossd wide recognition across many western countries unitedly with the endorsement of the Council of Europe in 1999, progress toward the implementation of restorative justice principles into mainstream criminal justice practices is slow (Cornwell, 2009). Further, restorative justice, both in theory and practice continues to generate a substantial and contentious debate (Morris, 2002).Restorative Justice ? A CritiqueAcorn (2005) argues that justice has traditionally symbolised the scales of impartiality on the one hand, and the sword of power, on the other. Justice is thereby possible when a neutral judge calculates a fair balance of accounts to make decisions that are backed by state power. Restorative justice, by its practice of informal dispute resolutions, can be seen as a call to a return of a privatised form of justice (ibid, Strang & Braithwaite, 2002). This criticism is qualified by the propensity of restorative justice advocates (Braithwaite, 1989) that critique punitive justice responses and thereby view the power of the state as harmful. This in turn, at least theoretically, erodes state power and state created crime categories, thereby threatening to create a privatised justice process (Strang & Braithwaite, 2002). Within this process, Strang & Braithwaite (2002) argue, restorative justice cannot be seen to legitimately deal with crimes. Acorn (2004) suggests that unlike the prevailing criminal justice system, the desire to punish (retribution) is replaced by a version of justice that is centred on specifically nuanced concepts of harm, obligation, need, re-integration and forgiveness. Such values guide Family Group Conferences, Community Mediation, Victim-Offender Commissions and various forms of tribunals (Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR)) (MacLaughlin et al, 2003). Family Group Conferences is a prominent practice in restorative justice, that includes association members (paid or unpaid) to hear disputes and help parties to resolve conflicts. However, rather than a diversion from the criminal justice system, such conferences involve offenders already convicted (Acorn, 2004). Garland (2001) views this arrangement a form of net-widening, where informal justi ce becomes part of the social landscape that encompasses a widening and ever expanding form of crime control (ibid). Although restorative justice advocates argue that informal justice creates domains of freedom that empower victims, offenders and communities, opponents claim that restorative justice represents another pernicious way in which community mediation expands state control, mend claiming to do precisely the opposite (Acorn, 2004, Garland, 2001, Pavlich, 2013). Restorative justice proponents are clear in their critique of the criminal justice system that is seen to not represent victims or their communities, where state officials, such as the police, lawyers and judges, are impartial, and thereby have no direct understanding of those affected by criminal offenses (Pavlich, 2013). Here, Pavlich refers to Foucaults concept of governmentality, where the state subtly arranges the background settings to produce subjects who think and act in ways that do not require direct coerc ion, in what Foucault terms the continue of conduct (Pavlich, 2013, Foucault, 1975). In this way, Foucault argues, self governed subjects are produced when they buy into the logic and formulated identities of a given governmentality (Foucault, 1975).Garland and Sparks (2000) claim that restorative justice, as a form of govermentality has, in part, come about by the increased attention, over the last twenty-five years, toward the rights of the victim. Here, Garland (2001) argues that the last two decades has seen the rise of a distinctly populist current in penal politics that no longer relies on the evidence of the experts and professional elites. Whereas a few decades ago public opinion functioned as an occasional restraint on policy initiatives, it now operates as a privileged source. Within this context, Garland argues, victims have attained an unprecedented array of rights within the criminal justice system, ranging from the right to make victim match statements, the right to be consulted in prosecutions, sentencing and parole together with notifications of offenders post release movements and the right to receive compensation. Further, the right to receive service provision entails the use of Victim Support agencies who help people address their feelings and offer practical help and assistance, mitigating the negative impact of crime (Reeves and Mulley, 2000). Wright (2000) suggests that while such developments may be seen as a triumph for victim support movements, these reforms do not fundamentally alter the morphological position of victims. This, Wright explains, is because the punitive structural system remains intact whereby the victims interests will necessarily remain secondary to the wider public interest, represented by the crown (Wright, 2000).It can be argued that while critics may be seen as correct in their perception of restorative justice as a form of governmentality or net-widening by the state, the attack may be seen as premature, give n the early stages of its development (Cornwell, 2009). Cornwell argues that critics have not given restorative justice adequacy time to develop and potentially emerge as a stand alone resolution to the problem of crime and its repercussions for the victims, offenders and their communities (ibid). Restorative justice programmes are remedy at an embryonic stage, where they are attracting critique, mainly due to their attachment to the bend Justice System (Cornwell, 2009, Morris, 2002, Ministry of Justice, 2012). Cornwell (2009) also addresses the argument that the restorative approach places too more emphasis on the status it affords to the victims of crime. In reality, Cornwell suggests, that status is very much based on political rhetoric rather than actual reform. The publication of the Criminal Justice Act 2003 that anticipated an advance in restorative and reparative measures into the criminal justice system, in reality bought in a much more punitive provision. Restorative m easures under the Act are initiated on the basis of a mix and match arrangement for custody plus minus. Here, (Garrielides, 2003) points out that restorative justice has therefore become somewhat removed from its underlying theory (Garrielides, 2003). Put simply, the restorative approach has been cherry picked to support other punitive initiatives, expiration its central tenets at the margins of the criminal justice system (Cornwell, 2009).Restorative Justice Does it Work?Since the 1990s a number of restorative justice trial schemes began to take place, in order to measure success in terms of re-offending and victim gratification. According to a Ministry of Justice Report (Shapland et al, 2008), measuring the success of restorative justice against criminal justice control groups, it was found that offenders who took part in restorative justice schemes committed statistically significantly fewer offences (in terms of reconvictions) in the resultant two years than offenders in the control group. Further, although restorative justice has been generally reported to be more successful within youth justice, this research showed no demographic differences, for example in age, ethnicity, gender or offence type. The report also showed that eighty-five percent of victims were happy with the process (ibid). These results are reflected in various case studies. Published by the Restorative Justice Council (2013) the following gives an example of the positive impact that restorative justice can have on the victim, the offender and communities Arrested in February last year, Jason Reed was sentenced to five years in prison after admitting to more than fifty other burglaries. During the criminal justice process, Jason expressed his beseech to start afresh and make amends, so he was referred to the post-conviction restorative justice unit. After a full assessment to ensure his case was suitable for restorative justice measures, three conferences took place between Jason a nd five of his victims. The victims had different motivations for taking part and they were able to express their upset and anger directly to the offender. Jason agreed to buy off back an agreed amount of compensation and the victims showed some acceptance and forgiveness (Restorative Justice Council, 2013).ConclusionOverall, this paper has argued that restorative justice may be seen as an attempt to address the disillusion within the criminal justice system in the 1970s that had conceded that Nothing Works. The demise of the rehabilitative ideal (Garland, 2001), against the scope of political shifts toward a neo-liberal ideology, bought about a more punitive, retributive stance toward punishment and offending (Sim, 2008). As a result, the rise in prison populations has bought about a penal crisis. In response, new initiatives in restorative justice began to develop, emerging as a more equitable, humane form of punishment (Cornwell, 2009). The advantages of the restorative approac h cannot be overstated, as this paper shows, rather than the state focusing on the offender (as is the case with the prevailing criminal justice system), restorative justice seeks to address the needs of the victim and community participation (Zehr, 2002). In practical terms, there appears to be some success in terms of re-offending and victim satisfaction (Ministry of Justice, 2008). Despite the criticisms (Garland, 2001), it can be argued that restorative justice demonstrates an opportunity and potential to mitigate the worst excesses of the criminal justice system and bring about a more equitable and humane approach (Cornwell, 2009).Word count 2654BibliographyAcorn, A (2004) Compulsory Compassion A Critique of Restorative Justice. Vol 14, No.6 (June 2004) pp. 446-448. University of British Columbia put rightBottoms, A, Gelsthorpe, S Rex, S (2013) Community Penalties Change & Challenges. London Wilan PublishingCavadino, M & Dignan, J (2006) Penal Systems A Comparative Approach. L ondon Sage PublicationsClarkson, M (2005) disposition Criminal Law. London Sweet & MaxwellCornwell, D (2009) The Penal Crisis and the Clapham Omnibus Questions and Answers in Restorative Justice. Hampshire Waterside PressDupont-Morales, M, Hooper, M, Schmidt, J (2000) Handbook of Criminal Justice Administration. late York Marcel Dekker Inc.Garland, D (2001) Culture of Control Crime & Social Order in Contemporary Society. Oxon Oxford University PressGarland, D & Sparks, R (2000) Criminology & Social Theory. Oxford ClarendonGarrielides, T (2003) Restorative Justice Theory and Practice Mind the Gap visible(prenominal)onlinefrom http//www.euforum.org/readingroom/Newsletter/Vol04Issue03.pdfThe Howard League for Prison Reform (2007) Do Better, Do Less The report of the Commission on English Prisons Today. The Howard League. Available online from http//www.howardleague.org/fileadmin/howard_league/user/online_publications/Do_Better_Do_Less_res.pdf Accessed on 26th February 2014-02-27John stone, G (2011) Restorative Justice Ideas, Values, Debates Second Edition. Oxon Wilan PublishingMarshall, T (1996) The Evolution of Restorative Justice in Britain. European Journal on Criminal Police and Research (4) 21-43McLaughlin, E, Fergusson, R, Hughes, G, Westmaland, L (2003) Restorative Justice Critical Issues. London The Open University Ministry of Justice (2012) Restorative Justice Action Plan for the Criminal Justice System. November 2012 Available online from http//www.restorative_justice_action_plan.pdfMorris, A (2002) Critiquing the Critics A Brief Response to Critics of Restorative Justice. British Journal of Criminology (2002) 42 (3) 596-615Muncie, J (2005) The globalization of Crime Control the Case of Youth and Juvenile Justice Neo-Liberalism, Policy Convergence & International Conventions. Theoretical Criminology 9 (1) pp 35-64Raynor, P, Robinson, G (2009) Rehabilitation, Crime and Justice. London Palgrave MacmillanRestorative Justice Council (2013) Case Studies Av ailable online from httpwww.restorativejustice.org.uk/?p=resources&keyword=178 Accessed on 27th February 2014Reeves, H & Mulley,K (2000) The New Status of Victims in the UK Threats and Opportunities, cit in Crawford, A and Goodey, J (eds) Integrating a Victim Perspective Within Criminal Justice Debates. Aldershot Ashgate PressRobinson, G & Crow, I (2009) Offender Rehabilitation Theory, Research & Practice. London Sage PublicationsShapland, J, Atkinson, A, Atkinson, H, Dignan, J, Edwards, L, Hibbert, J, Howes, M, Johnstone, J, Robinson, G and Sorsby, A (2008) Does Restorative Justice Effect Reconviction. The fourth report from the evaluation of three schemes. Ministry of Justice 2008. Available online from http//www.restorativejustice.org.uk/resource/ministry_of_justice_evaluation_does_restorative_justice_affect_reconviction_the_fourth_report_from_the_evaluation_of_three_schemes/ Accessed on 26th February 2014Sim, J (2009) Punishment and Prisons cause and the Carceral State.London S age Publications LimitedStohr, M, Walsh, A, Hemmens, C (2012) Corrections, a text/reader, Second Edition. London Sage Publications.Strickland, R.A (2004) Studies in Crime & Punishment. New York Peter Lang Publishing IncSumner, C (2008) The Blackwell accessory to Criminology. London John Wiley & Sons Wright, M (2000) Restorative justice and Mediation. Paper presented at the conference Probation Methods in Criminal Policy Current State and Perspectives at Popowo, Poland, 20-21 October. Available online from http//www.restorativejustice.org/10fulltext/wrightmartin2000restorative/view Accessed on 28th February 2014Zehr, H (2002) Little Book of Restorative Justice. New Zealand The Little Books of Justice and Peace Building

Son of the Revolution Essay

Peter Kim HIST 354 McKenzie April 2013 Son of the Revolution Essay Right at the start of the memoir, Son of the Revolution, the indorsers attention is drawn to the strict nature of the dayc atomic number 18 center the narrator is in. We find that chinas motion towards a Socialist party is integrated d give birth to the peoples level, eve implemented and enforced in the daycares. This seems extreme to the reader, especially when the songs sung by the children are titled, Sweeping the base of operations, Working the Factory and Planting Trees in the Countryside.One doesnt need much context clues to figure fall out what these songs are about. Consequently, this level of extreme integration has caused Chinese fraternity to time value family as second-priority to this pursuit of Socialist. However, in this setting where the family isnt that well off, we learn that Heng and his siblings were spoiled by their paternal and maternal grandm other(a)s. In regards to monoamine oxidase Zed ong, the people of chinaware are led to believe that monoamine oxidase was in some sort of a deity, a god that affected everyones lives.Simultaneously, he was considered as a national tyro of everyone in communist China. The author demonstrates this when recalling the sweet of relief he felt when he heard that Chairman Mao had forgiven him, and through writing exercises that required them to repeatedly practice writing, Chairman Mao is our Great Saving Star, and We are all Chairman Maos good little children. To m each outside nations, including Americans, this seems like a way of brainwashing the people, especially at such an early age.However, we already know that the leaders of the Communist Party have no such fatherly intentions for their children. The Hundred Flowers Movement, a movement that encouraged Chinas peoples to openly express their voices and opinions, turns out to be a trap set to identify any rights in the midst of people. Trying to be helpful, Hengs mother is a ccused of being a Rightist and is sent to a labor camp to reform her. We observe this clash of traditional Confucian value in family with the policy-making allegiance to the Communist movement in Hengs father, even to the oint where he denounces his own wife. The loyalty to Chinas communist Party over family runs deep within its people. Upon hearing that their own father is accused of being a capitalistic and anti-Party, Liang Heng and his siblings develop enraged at their own father in other words, the children honored the communist Party more than they honored their own father, which is ironic to Liang Shang, since he abandoned his wife for the Party.In addition to the Hundred Flowers Movement, Liang Hengs life took another major turn of events with the intro of The Great Leap Forward, Mao Zedongs attempt to transform China from an agrarian economy into a more modernized Communist society via rapid industrialization and collective farming. Naturally, private farming would beco me prohibited and even accused as an act of rebellion against the revolution. However, the Great Leap Forward was a massive failure with millions of people dying from starvation. Liang Hengs family was no exception, and had to accommodate for these times.The majority of this narrative takes commit during the Cultural Revolution, movement that resulted from the failure of the Great Leap Forward. The main goal of the Revolution was to shift old, traditional, Capitalist China into the new, communist China to secure Mao Zedongs position in power. Like his other previous endeavors, we see that the Cultural Revolution brought with it confusion and chaos to the people, particularly having to do with the change in names of everything around them from roads to stores to public parks. Liangs friends have even abandoned their old names to adopt newer revolutionary names.Still, holding such high regards to their Chairman Mao and failing to see flaws in his methods, our narrator strives to one day carry his own Red Guard uniform, specifically upon seeing his sometime(a) sister wearing her own uniform. Ironically, his own home is later raided by these Red Guards because of his familys political history his mothers relatives have moved to Taiwan, she herself is branded as a Rightist, his father is a writer, or stinking intellectual. These circumstances make it difficult for Liang Heng socially, and he is constantly persecuted and ridiculed by the rest of society because of it.

Brother Keepers

The purpose of this program is to devote the homeless on Skid Row, m either of which be mentally ill or substance abusers. The dickens evenings are Mondays and Wednesdays at St. Bede Church located at 215 Foothill Bled, in La Canada, 91011. A jiffy location which meets on Tuesday is St. James Church at 4625 Duunsmore Ave. , La Crescenta, 91214 A third location which meets on Thursday evenings is Holy Redeemer Church at 2411 Montrose Ave, Montrose 91020. I arrived at 4 pm to attend to the staff with preparing meals, homeless shelter, and distribute the food.I in any case stayed with the staff at all times while in Skid Row. Feeding the homeless is an exciting experience. At all locations, the experiences are not inherently unlike as similar participants were attended and their call for met. The beauty of the program is that it addressed the three basic look ats of man food, clothing and shelter. These needs are universal and when people are involved in meetings, recipients of such(prenominal) gesture are eternally grateful. This is what happened during the program.While serving the people with food at the church, these people found a comfortable graze to rest and to be fed. I found the experience to be an eye-opener to the challenges that people instance in life it opened my eyes to understand what it really means to homeless and steps to cooperate people in such circumstance. The population served was basically homeless who lived on Skid Row without any comfortable shelter. Some of them used the opportunity to narrate how they resorted to the Row for shelter, how they lost their jobs, the meaning of life and afterward eventually became homeless.Others talk about the inhuman treatment they had in their hostile homes which drove them to abuse substance, and the serial publication of events which culminated in their ejection from their homes. Because of their experiences have become mentally ill sequel to inability to adjust to the disagreeable life events they had passed through, they have begun to abuse drugs and substances such as alcohol, cigarette, cannabis, marijuana, amphetamines and other stimulants. They said the latter keeps them off their problems and gives them temporary worker relief from the horrible conditions where they reside.They were receptive of the gesture and received it with gladness, as they expressed their appreciation without hesitation. These people need our people they are wonderful. There are ethical, psychological, spiritual, cultural, legal and economic principles related to the homeless population life history in Los Angeles. It is noteworthy to state that giving money to the homeless will not help bring in their inherent problem. It is better to adopt a holistic approach where the underlying psychological or psychiatrical problem is duly addressed. This is where the spiritual houses like churches have become useful, as in this program.The feeding took place in churches. These houses still pro vide a place of comfort for the less disadvantaged and homeless in the society. A combination of spiritual help with government intervention can help alleviate the challenges of homelessness. such government interventions will include provision of housing facilities at affordable prices. A social public assistance provision is also encouraged but it must be meant for citizens who have no or extra means to help them. Substance abuse is a common psychiatric problem amongst the homeless. There is also increased risk of depression and suicides.Besides, sexual promiscuity is on the high side there as social disinhibition is out of place. Besides, community acquired pneumonia and tuberculosis are also prevalent among people living on the streets because they live in overcrowded places. Diarrheal diseases are also common. The staffs at Brothers Helpers demonstrate professionalism in dealing with the homeless they exude confidence while they deal nicely with these needy people. They show understanding of the conditions of this set of people, and are really compassionate. I am glad I had such an experience I realize that to brighten others happy is the key to fulfillment in life